Health risk assessment and hydrogeochemical modelling of groundwater due to heavy metals contaminants at Basundhara coal mining region, India

The enrichment of heavy metals and mixing with groundwater resources, which makes a serious threat to human health the environment. present study was conducted determine in groundwater, geochemical modelling, estimate probable risks (non-carcinogenic carcinogenic) coal mining region, eastern India. relative abundance mean metal concentration order Fe > Zn Al Ba Mn Sr Ni Ag Cu Pb V Cr Co Cd, are within WHO standards limits for drinking water values. Groundwater shows pH values as generally acidic alkaline nature, while Eh indicate an oxidising Principal component analysis indicates, be mainly derived from geogenic sources in-situ leaching mine overburden materials. Hydrogeochemical modelling indicates supersaturation near neutral state oxide carbonate mineral phases. Based on (HPI), (HEI) values, majority samples low moderately contaminated. risk assessment model based hazard quotient (HQ) index (HI) show few crossing reference limit have non-carcinogenic both children adults. identifies chemical characterisation potential due presence region.